The highly regulated United States nuclear industry must balance safety, performance, and cost. Safety to the public, competition with other energy-producing industries, and the large capital and O&M costs of nuclear are substantial compared to other industries. Among these clashing constraints is the intersection of plant safety and security. This paper will examine the challenges faced by the U.S. nuclear industry after 9/11 and the Fukushima accident, initiatives to reduce risk profiles for plants, and the lessons learned for other industries, such as the petrochemical industry.
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